What is Buprenorphine?
Buprenorphine is an FDA-approved medication used to treat opioid use disorder (OUD), offering individuals a path to recovery through medication-assisted treatment (MAT). It is one of three primary medications recommended for OUD treatment, alongside methadone and naltrexone (Vivitrol®). While all three have their place in addiction treatment, buprenorphine is often preferred due to its unique advantages, such as a lower risk of overdose and the ability to be prescribed in outpatient settings. However, certain circumstances may make methadone or naltrexone a better choice for some patients.
Buprenorphine is the generic drug name for the active ingredient in Sublocade® and Brixadi® and is one of two active ingredients in Suboxone®. It plays a key role in multiple FDA-approved treatments for opioid addiction.
Understanding how buprenorphine works, its uses, side effects, and risks can help patients and healthcare providers make informed treatment decisions.
What is Buprenorphine Used For?
Buprenorphine is primarily prescribed for the treatment of opioid use disorder as part of a comprehensive plan that includes behavioral therapies and counseling.
As a partial opioid agonist, buprenorphine works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain but activates them only partially. This produces effects similar to opioids, but at a lower intensity, with limited euphoria and respiratory depression compared to full opioid agonists like methadone, fentanyl, heroin, or oxycodone. This mechanism helps reduce cravings and ease withdrawal symptoms while lowering the risk of misuse.
Buprenorphine is also prescribed for pain management in some cases, particularly for individuals who require long-term opioid therapy but are at risk for dependency (NIH).
Benefits of Buprenorphine
Buprenorphine offers several advantages in treating opioid use disorder:
- Reduces Withdrawal Symptoms – Helps ease withdrawal discomfort, making the recovery process more manageable.
- Lowers Risk of Overdose – Unlike full opioid agonists, buprenorphine has a ceiling effect, reducing the likelihood of respiratory depression and overdose.
- Offered in Varied Formulations– Long lasting injections, such as Brixadi® and Sublocade®, allow for weekly or monthly dosing, reducing the burden of daily medication management.
- Improves Treatment Retention – Studies show that patients using buprenorphine are more likely to stay in treatment and achieve long-term recovery (ASAM).
How is Buprenorphine Administered?
Buprenorphine is obtained via prescription and available in different forms to meet the needs of each individual:
- Sublingual Tablets & Films – Placed under the tongue or against the cheek to dissolve.
- Extended-Release Injections – Such as Sublocade® and Brixadi®, administered monthly by a healthcare provider.
- Buccal Films – Applied inside the cheek.
- Implants – Such as Probuphine®, which provides a steady dose for up to six months.
Patients should follow their healthcare provider’s instructions regarding recommended medication form, dosage, and administration to ensure safe and effective treatment.
What are the Side Effects of Buprenorphine?
Like all medication-assisted treatments, buprenorphine can cause side effects ranging from moderate to severe. Common side effects include:
- Nausea
- Headache
- Constipation
- Sweating
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
Serious side effects, though rare, can include respiratory depression, liver problems, and allergic reactions. Patients should consult their healthcare provider if they experience severe or persistent side effects.
Buprenorphine Key Considerations & Risks
While buprenorphine is effective for many people, it may not be suitable for everyone, such as those with severe liver disease. Additionally, using buprenorphine medications alongside alcohol, sedatives, or other opioids can increase the risk of respiratory depression. Some key interactions include:
- Benzodiazepines & Alcohol: Can cause dangerous respiratory depression when combined.
- Certain Antidepressants & Antifungal Medications: May alter buprenorphine levels in the body, requiring dose adjustments.
Patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications and substances they are using to avoid harmful interactions, follow their provider’s recommendations, and attend regular follow-up appointments to monitor progress.
Understanding Buprenorphine Dosing
Buprenorphine dosing is tailored to each individual based on their treatment goals and response to the medication. Your healthcare provider determines the initial dose and adjusts it as needed to help manage withdrawal symptoms and cravings. Following the prescribed dosing schedule is essential to achieving stability and long-term success in treatment.
How Much Does Buprenorphine Cost?
The cost of buprenorphine varies based on factors such as insurance coverage, geographic location, and the specific formulation. Many insurance plans cover medication-assisted treatment, making it more accessible to patients. For a more precise cost estimate and coverage details, patients should consult their healthcare provider or insurance company.
Buprenorphine: A Powerful Tool
Buprenorphine is a valuable tool in the fight against opioid use disorder, offering a safer alternative to full opioid agonists and improving long-term recovery success. By reducing withdrawal symptoms and cravings, it stands out as a key tool for those recovering from opioid addiction. If you or a loved one is considering buprenorphine for addiction treatment, consult a healthcare provider to explore whether it’s the right option.
For more information, visit CDC, NIH, or NIDA for trusted resources on medication-assisted treatment.
If you would like to discuss buprenorphine or other MAT options at MATClinics, contact our friendly team today.